Researchers will go to extremes in order to get results. They will get out of their comfort zones, or out of our plant in the name of science. The laboratories discussed below are some where scientists have to work in the most difficult conditions , on the plant and sometimes off it, on mountaintops, at the poles or under water. Their work helps us better understand our universe and get valuable information on the weather, the human body, climate change and many other things.
1. IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Antarctica
image credit: Emanuel Jacobi/NSF (taken from)
It's the coldest physics laboratory in the world. Equipment used to detect very high energy neutrions (these are subatomic particles that are known to originate from some violent astronomical phenomena e.g, exploding stars)are not telescopes in space. In fact, they an array of sensors located deep below the surface of the earth. In the frozen wastes of the Antarctica, you will find the IceCube Neutrino Observatory located under a thick ice layer. The neutrions sometimes react with molecules in the water to produce Chernekov radiation that is picked up by PTMs (the photomultiplier tubes).
Image credit: Patrick Cullis/NFS (taken from)
Creation of IceCube involved the positioning of Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), which are sphererical sensors that contain PMTs, at depth of between 1450 and 2,450 meters (4747 and 8038 feet). The Digital Optical Modules range over 1 cubic kilometer (0.23 cubic meters) of ice which makes them part of the coldest physical laboratory and the largest neutrino observatory in the world. Raw data they collect at the observatory is approximately one terabyte daily which is around 100 gigabyte
transmitted for analysis. (Source:1,2,3)
2. Long Island's Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA
Image credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory (taken from)
It's the hottest temperature producing laboratory in the world. The Relativistic Heavy lon Collider (RHIC) found at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, announced in February 2012, the production of temperature of around 4 trillon degrees Celcius (7.2 trillon degrees Fahrenheit). This is the hottest temperature man has ever created! It's 250,000 times greater than the heat found at the earth's center. This was achieved by the collision of gold ions at close to the speed of light, and quark-gluon plasma-which is a soup of elementary particles that existed in nature a fraction of a second after Big Bang - was created.
Image credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory (taken from)
It's the second most powerful hevy ion collider when compared to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The RHIC facility is also the only one where polarized protons are collided so as to study how protons obtain their spin.It;s the world record holder for the highest energy polarized protons to ever be seen and in addition, it produces record - breaking temperatures.
(source:1,2,3,4,5)
3. Sagarmatha National Park's Pyramid Laboratory in Nepal
Image credit UouTube/Lorenzo Pini (taken from)
It's the highest terrestrial laboratory in the world. In the Himalayas, at the Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal, there stands a pyramid shaped laboratory that is three storeys high. The laboratory and observatory is made out of steel, glass and aluminium. It;s located at the base of Mount Everest at 16,568 feet or 5,050 meters above sea level. The research done here is on subjects like human physiology, geology, the environment and climate.
Image credit: YouTube/Lorenzo Pini (taken from)
The laboratory was created by the Ev-K2-CNR Committee, wich is dedicated to the promotion of technical and scientific altitude research. It has three levels: laboratories and warehouses are on the first two levels while the third level is devoted to telecommunications and data processing.
The pyramid is a landmark to scientists and also to locals who use its telecom facilities sometimes.(source:1,2,3,4,)
4. The NOAA Aquarius Reef Base, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in Florida, USA.
Image credit : NASA (taken from)
It;s the deepest underwater laboratory in the world and one of its kind. This is because other undersea laboratories like the Conshelf lll and Conshelf l cabin that were operational during the 1960s, wnet beneath the waves. The Aquarius lab is around 50 to 60 ft (which is about 15 to 18 meters) below the surface of the water in a marine
sanctuary at Florida Keys. It has been used to study the ecology of the reef by researchers for the last two decades. Facilities in the laboratory include six bunks that have a bathroom plus windows that are onto the watery world outside.
Image credit: CERN (taken from)
The intention of building CERN was to support collaboration between scientists from different nations.
This it has succeeded in doing since currently, the facility is used by over 10,000 engineers and scientists from across 113 different countries. There are nearly 1,500 employees working part-time and 2,400 that work full time. Since its founding in 1954, discoveries that are important and Nobel-winning have been made at the facility including technological developments that include the World Wide Web. (source:1,2,3)
6.SNOLAB, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
Image credit: SNOLAB (taken from)
It's deepest underground laboratory in the world. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNOLAB) found in Ontario, is used for observing deep space phenomenon found far below the earth's surface, just like the IceCube. The facility can be found inside a nickel mine which is 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) deep. The laboratory covers 5,000 square meters (16,404 square feet) of space. Above ground, it boasts a support building that covers 3,100 square meters which is around 10,170 square foot.\
Image credit: SNOLAB (taken from)
SNOLAB research is mainly focused on astroparticle physics which includes; cosmic dark matter, supernova nutritional searches and low-energy solar nutritions. Scientists from other fields like seismology and geophysics have also expressed interests in working at this facility and this could help underground biology researchers. (source:1,)
7. International Space Station, outer Space
Image credit: Oleg Dimitriyevich Kononenko (taken from)
It's the highest altitude laboratory in the world. The international Space Station (ISS) is the most extreme laboratory in terms of speed, inhospitable environments and altitude. Orbiting the earth at altitudes that range from 205 to 270 miles (which is around 330 to 535 kilometers) and averaging a speed of 27,724 km/hr (17,227 mph), the incredible space station is 108,5 meters (356 feet) wide and 72,8 meters (239 feet) long.
Image credit: NASA (taken from)
A variety of experiments are carried out in this facility including human biology, physicis, meteorology and astronomy. The almost weightless environment of the facility (which is as a result of its constant freefall state and not outer space's zero gravity) , makes it a unique research setting.
Since November 2000, the facility has been visited by astronauts from over 15 different countries. The ISS is expected to be operational until 2020 but could remain in service until as late as 2028. (source:1)
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